A new international study has revealed a concerning trend in children’s eye health: one in three children worldwide now suffers from myopia, or nearsightedness, meaning they struggle to see distant objects clearly. The study warns that by 2050, over half of the world’s children and adolescents could be affected by myopia, with the highest rates being observed in Asia.
Pandemic Impact on Eye Health
Researchers suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic significantly contributed to the worsening of children’s eyesight. During lockdowns, children were confined indoors for extended periods, leading to increased screen time and less exposure to natural outdoor light. These factors are believed to have had a detrimental effect on their vision.
The study, published in the British Journal of Ophthalmology, analyzed data from over 50 countries across six continents, involving more than 5 million children and adolescents. It found that between 1990 and 2023, the number of children with myopia tripled, with the current global rate standing at 36%.
Regional Disparities in Myopia Rates
The prevalence of myopia varies significantly across regions. In East Asia, the rates are particularly alarming: 85% of children in Japan, 73% in South Korea, and over 40% in both China and Russia suffer from nearsightedness. In contrast, countries like Paraguay and Uganda report a much lower rate of just 1%. In Western countries such as the United Kingdom, Ireland, and the United States, around 15% of children are affected.
Causes of Increasing Myopia Rates
The rapid rise in myopia cases can be attributed to several factors, particularly in East Asia. Genetics plays a significant role, as children with myopic parents are three times more likely to develop the condition themselves. Additionally, the early onset of formal education—beginning as early as age two in some places like Singapore and Hong Kong—contributes to the increased risk. Children in these regions tend to spend long hours focusing on books or screens from a young age, putting strain on their eyes and potentially leading to myopia.
In contrast, children in Africa typically start school between the ages of six and eight, which may explain why the prevalence of myopia is seven times lower in Africa compared to Asia.
The Long-Term Risks
While myopia may seem like a minor inconvenience, its long-term consequences can be severe. High levels of myopia increase the risk of developing serious eye conditions later in life, such as retinal detachment, cataracts, and glaucoma.
Myopia and Gender Differences
The study also highlighted a potential gender disparity in myopia rates, with girls and young women being more susceptible. This is partly due to girls spending less time outdoors compared to boys and the fact that girls experience physical and psychological development earlier than boys, including the onset of myopia.
Protecting Children’s Eyesight
Experts emphasize the importance of outdoor activities in preventing myopia. British eye specialists recommend that children, particularly those aged seven to nine, spend at least two hours outside daily. Although it is not definitively proven that natural sunlight or focusing on distant objects improves eyesight, there are clear benefits to spending time outdoors.
Daniel Hardiman-McCartney, clinical adviser at the College of Optometrists in the UK, explained to the BBC, “There are real advantages to children spending time outside.”
Eye Exams and Early Detection
Parents are also advised to ensure their children undergo regular eye exams, especially between the ages of seven and ten, even if they’ve had their eyes tested at a younger age. Early detection is crucial, as myopia cannot be cured but can be managed with glasses or contact lenses. Special lenses designed to slow the progression of myopia are available, although they are expensive and more commonly used in Asia.
Warning Signs of Myopia in Children
Parents should be vigilant for the following signs of myopia in children:
- Difficulty reading distant text, such as on school boards.
- Sitting too close to the television or computer screen.
- Holding phones or tablets unusually close to their eyes.
- Frequent headaches.
- Rubbing their eyes excessively.
Conclusion
The global rise in myopia among children is a growing health concern, and experts warn that without intervention, the problem will only get worse in the coming decades. Encouraging outdoor activities, reducing screen time, and ensuring regular eye exams are crucial steps to safeguard children’s vision in the future.
